Insulin

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What is Insulin?

Insulin is a vital hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar (glucose) levels. It allows cells to absorb glucose for energy, maintaining metabolic balance. People with diabetes—particularly type 1 and sometimes type 2—may require insulin therapy when their bodies don’t produce enough or can’t use it effectively.

Types of Insulin

Insulin is categorized based on how quickly it works, its peak action time, and duration in the body:

1.Rapid-Acting Insulin (e.g., Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine)
-Onset: 15–30 minutes
-Peak: 1–2 hours
-Duration: 3–5 hours
-Used for: Mealtime blood sugar control

2. Short-Acting (Regular) Insulin (e.g., Humulin R, Novolin R)
-Onset: 30–60 minutes
-Peak: 2–4 hours
-Duration: 5–8 hours
-Used for: Managing blood sugar between meals

3. Intermediate-Acting Insulin (e.g., NPH insulin)
-Onset: 1–2 hours
-Peak: 4–12 hours
-Duration: 12–18 hours
-Used for: Basal (background) insulin needs

4. Long-Acting Insulin (e.g., Glargine, Detemir, Degludec)
-Onset: 1–2 hours
-Peak: Minimal or no peak
-Duration: 18–24+ hours
-Used for: Steady all-day blood sugar control

5.Premixed Insulin (e.g., 70/30, 75/25)
-Combines rapid/short-acting with intermediate-acting insulin
-Used for: Simplified dosing for some patients

Importance of Insulin in Diabetes Management

-Type 1 Diabetes: Lifeline therapy (body produces little/no insulin)
-Type 2 Diabetes: Used when oral medications aren’t enough
-Gestational Diabetes: Sometimes required during pregnancy